To investigate the relationship between the velocity of a parachute and the drag force Essay Example

To examine the connection between the speed of a parachute and the drag power Essay Thickness :- The consistency of a liquid is a proportion of its protection from stream. Thick powers following up on bodies traveling through a liquid and in liquids traveling through funnels and channels. The weight in a liquid reductions where the speed increases.Stokes Law :- A condition relating the terminal settling speed of a smooth, inflexible circle in a thick liquid of known thickness and consistency to the breadth of the circle when exposed to a realized power field. It is utilized in the molecule size examination of soils by the pipette, hydrometer, or axis strategies. The condition is:V = (2gr㠯⠿â ½)(d1-d2)/9à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½whereV = speed of fall (cm sec-à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½),g = increasing speed of gravity (cm sec-à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½),r = comparable sweep of molecule (cm),dl = thickness of molecule (g cm - à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½),d2 = thickness of medium (g cm-à ¯Ã¢ ¿Ã¢ ½), and㠯⠿â ½ = consistency of medium (dyne sec cm-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½).A falling article has a quickening equivalent to g, g ave air obstruction is irrelevant. In the event that air opposition is critical, the power because of air obstruction delays the item. This drag power increments as the article accelerates, until the power gets equivalent and inverse to its weight. The increasing speed becomes zero on the grounds that the resultant power on the article gets zero. The speed consequently gets consistent; this worth is alluded to as the Terminal Velocity.TaskTo research the impact of an adjustment in mass on the time taken for a parachute to fall a set distance.Other factors that could be explored are:㠯⠿â ½ Surface region of the parachute㠯⠿â ½ Length of string (between the parachute and mass), which may control the volume of air under the parachute.㠯⠿â ½ Distribution of mass, for example maybe on the parachute itself rather than on string appended to the parachute (this obviously would not be a persistent variable so it would not be of extraordinary value).ApparatusA square of rece ptacle liner, string, clingy tape, plasticene, and gauging scales.MethodOne parachute was gathered utilizing a square of canister liner, string and clingy tape. The string was tied so that plasticene masses could be joined. For each mass, the examination was performed multiple times and after fulfillment, the whole examination was rehashed. The genuine tests comprised of timing to what extent the parachute took to head out from the roof to the floor, a separation of 2.85 meters. The estimations were taken in grams and afterward changed over into Newtons for increasingly exact results.In request to make this a reasonable test I am going to keep various things consistent, e.g., the container liner parachute, the length of the string, the separation for it to fall, the surface region of the parachute, and the appropriation of mass.DiagramPredictionsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The bigger the mass, the shorter the time since when the mass is bigger the parachute quickens to a higher speed because of th e maximum speed being higher.TheoryVelocity = DistanceTimeAcceleration = Increase in VelocityTimeResultsExperiment 1Mass (N) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time (s) Average Velocity (m/s)* Average Acceleration (m/s2)0.02 3.35 3.29 3.31 3.32 0.86 0.260.04 2.17 2.35 2.18 2.23 1.28 0.570.06 1.72 1.88 1.64 1.75 1.63 0.930.08 1.58 1.65 1.62 1.76 1.090.10 1.46 1.41 1.23 1.37 2.08 1.520.12 1.26 1.29 1.31 1.29 2.21 1.710.14 1.11 1.27 1.08 1.15 2.48 2.160.16 1.15 1.13 1.04 1.11 2.57 2.320.18 1.04 1.18 1.05 1.09 2.61 2.390.20 1.03 0.97 1.10 1.04 2.74 2.63Experiment 2Mass (N) Time 1 (s) Time 2 (s) Time 3 (s) Average Time (s) Average Velocity (m/s)* Average Acceleration (m/s2)0.02 2.78 2.32 3.28 2.79 1.02 0.370.04 2.18 2.30 1.67 2.05 1.39 0.680.06 1.57 1.40 1.50 1.49 1.91 1.280.08 1.09 1.14 1.25 1.16 2.46 2.120.10 1.19 1.31 1.29 1.26 2.26 1.790.12 1.13 1.20 1.14 1.16 2.46 2.120.14 1.09 1.07 1.13 1.10 2.59 2.350.16 0.91 1.08 1.10 1.03 2.77 2.690.18 0.88 1.01 1.06 0.98 2.91 2.970.20 0.9 3 0.97 1.00 0.97 2.94 3.03Averages Over Experiments 1 and 2Mass (N) Average Time (s) Average Velocity (m/s)* Average Acceleration (m/s2)0.02 3.06 0.93 0.300.04 2.14 1.33 0.620.06 1.62 1.76 1.090.08 1.39 2.05 1.470.10 1.32 2.16 1.640.12 1.23 2.32 1.890.14 1.13 2.52 2.230.16 1.07 2.66 2.490.18 1.04 2.74 2.630.20 0.97 2.94 3.03Notes* This was determined utilizing the recipe above (in the Theory area) utilizing the Average Time. Shockingly, for this situation, it is preposterous (moving forward without any more investigation into complex formulae) to ascertain the real change in speed because of the way that the completing speed, or for this situation the max speed, stays obscure. Hence, so as to give an unpleasant thought of the normal speeding up, the normal speed was utilized as the completing speed and, clearly, 0 m/s utilized as the beginning speed (which for this situation is correct).Analysisà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The principal forecast, but rather essential, was right and, in spite of the fact that it was not tried, it is sheltered to assume this is because of the way that when the mass is bigger, so is the maximum speed. This implies the parachute can quicken to a higher speed bringing about a shorter time.㠯⠿â ½ As can be seen from the chart above it tends to be seen that the drop in time is fairly huge in any case yet gets littler as the mass increments. This cervical outcome persuades that there is a breaking point to the maximum speed. This would infer that once a bigger mass is included, a terminal maximum speed is accomplished past which a parachute can't quicken. This is probably because of the lesser impact of air opposition at higher masses.㠯⠿â ½ a similar example can be seen normal speeds, yet clearly going up as opposed to down, yet to a lesser extent.㠯⠿â ½ The mass is legitimately relative to the speed (as the mass speeds up increments) , and the speed and mass is in a roundabout way corresponding to the time ( as the speed and mass expands the time decreases).Evaluationà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ As was said in the Notes segment above, it would be profoundly desirable over have the option to compute the last speed, and far superior the maximum speed. The last speed could be determined with the utilization of PC sensors to gauge the speed in the last, say, 10cm. So as to figure the max speed it is reasonable to expand the separation made a trip so as to guarantee that the parachute does for sure arrive at maximum speed before the speed toward the end is measured.㠯⠿â ½ As far as mistakes are concerned, it is clear to see, from the Average Times chart, that the most tricky outcomes are those deliberate for a mass of 0.08 N. Luckily, they even out to give a decent normal curve.㠯⠿â ½ Another issue could be the outcomes for a mass of 0.20 N where you can see that the outcomes appear to merge instead of following the in any case sensibly blunder free curve.㠯⠿â ½ Lastly, it must be further re-iterated that the A verage Accelerations, and less significantly the Average Velocities, utilize extremely off base outcomes because of the way that the last speed, and hence the increasing speed, is obscure. Subsequently, the charts of those outcomes show next to no of significant worth other than to feature the previously mentioned errors, since they appear substantially more on those graphs.Conclusionsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ This hypothesis could be demonstrated, just as the terminal max speed determined by utilizing the standard mechanics formulae:i) s = ut + 1/2at2ii) v2 = u2 + 2asiii) s = (u + v)2Unfortunately, without information on the max speed, or the genuine quickening, this cannot be done appropriately. In any case, to give a harsh thought of how it could be utilized, the test is nitty gritty below:In an endeavor to secure the most precise outcomes conceivable, yet a worthless endeavor, the third equation will be utilized and the normal speed utilized instead of the terminal velocity.1) To start with, attempt the principal set of results, for example a mass of 0.02 N:s = (0 + 0.93)2 s = 0.465Quite clearly, this separation is not even close to the real separation of 2.85m yet, obviously, it shouldnt be on the grounds that with such a little mass, air opposition is as yet playing a significant part.2) Next, the outcomes for a mass of 0.12 N will be tried:s = (0 + 2.32)2 s = 1.16Again, this is not even close to the genuine separation yet it is getting closer.3) Lastly, the outcomes for the keep going mass, 0.20 N, will be tried:s = (0 + 2.94)2 s = 1.47It would show up at that, all in all, that this test was a disappointment. The inquiry is, however, is this due to the way that the last speed is clearly bogus, or in light of the fact that this isn't the approach to finding the terminal maximum speed, which obviously may not exist. No doubt, nonetheless, taking a gander at the outcomes, it exists however without the genuine qualities for the last, or terminal, speed, it is hard to de monstrate its reality.

Isaac Kolevski Essays - Karen McCarthy Brown, Religious Studies

Isaac Kolevski Essays - Karen McCarthy Brown, Religious Studies Isaac Kolevski RLGN 201 Teacher Howe 11/21/16 Reflection 5 Vodou finds deficiency not inside people (which by rendering them underhanded opens them to unforgiving good proselytism if not mistreatment or annihilation to their benefit) yet seeing someone between people in the social field. As a recuperating medium, vodou tries to break up whatever is holding individuals in unfriendly and adversarial relations. It might be very outrageous in this work on unblocking, warming up the logical inconsistencies, clashes, and irregularities inside an individual or in the social setting - confusing, stunning on occasion - so as to make a freeing and uncovering energy. In Brown's record, vodou is the paradigmatic maxim by which a poor, politically mistreated, financially minimized individuals live their lives with effortlessness, nobility, and empathy in the spaces between the absolutes made by learned people out of more politically incredible and physically agreeable systems. (Orsi,196) In this entry , Orsi is itemizing a strategy for moral assessment and the investigation of causal connections among morals and social elements. Vodou is a Hattian technique for mending and understanding that underlines parts of people and the distinctive individual's relationship to society as being remarkable and various. Orsi applies this speculation just as findings about this religion by an anthropologist named Karen McCarthy Brown to examine an alternate way to deal with strict investigation and thought than what quite a bit of America takes part in. This elective that he proposes doesn't disparage a person that has violated or insulted society, yet centers around the relations that individual has with society; financially, strategically and mentally. Through this technique for study the guilty party isn't destroyed or given a role as an exception by general society, but instead takes a gander at how natural components prompted the offense that this individual submitted. Taking on a vodou casing of figured, one would understand that the guilty parties are for the most part underestimated, estranged or feeling frail in their life that is overwhelmed by a gathering they are not a piece of. This distance fills activities by people that can appear to be terrible or unfit to be comprehended by the overall population. Orsi needs to recognize circumstances and logical results connections in these activities and how efficient persecution, strict inconsistencies and different purposes of contention an individual will understanding. This section identifies with a battle of constraining predisposition and fault in strict examination while as yet seeking after exact comprehension of confidence and human activity. This is a technique that has not really been tended to in class previously. Orsi like different masterminds, doesn't need the awful in religion to be discounted or concealed in strict investigation, however the sociological methodology Orsi takes is to some degree not quite the same as different scholars. Taking a gander at religion as an approach to adapt to shamefulness in life would fit this way of thinking admirably. Periphery scholars and radicals fit into this well as the individuals who make a move to recapture their reasonableness or force that society has denied them of. Fanatics can abuse discontent in others to fabricate an after and structure devotees' contemplations into a state where radical moves are probably going to make place. In strict examinations, explicitly periphery or clique religi on, the perspective that Orsi and Brown set forth is by all accounts an advantageous device to advance clearness .

A Thousand Miles by Vanessa Carlton Essay Example

A Thousand Miles by Vanessa Carlton Essay Example A Thousand Miles by Vanessa Carlton Paper A Thousand Miles by Vanessa Carlton Paper Abroad Filipino specialists or OFWs work in outside terrains so as to accommodate themselves and their families; and they likewise help the countrys economy through their settlements. In doing as such, they can confront misuse and bigotry by their bosses. They may likewise get achy to visit the family from being endlessly from their families, companions and country. Our music video expects to advance more noteworthy gratefulness for OFWs and the their rewards for so much hard work, and furthermore to feature what relatives of OFWs experience. The intended interest group for our music video is understudies, explicitly secondary school understudies; seeing that is basic for understudies to have guardians or family members that are OFWs. The video will have a story, with characters experiencing struggle, peak and goals. The emotional methodology will be utilized in our treatment. The music video is the most ideal approach to introduce the subject. It can undoubtedly bring out feeling from the crowd by letting them see the various accounts of OFWs. By utilizing this sort of introduction, quick response could likewise be seen after the crowd had seen the music video. Treatment The music video will rotate around the lives of three OFWs. The three principle characters will be a single parent, who is filling in as a yaya, a recently graduated lady who is functioning as a medical caretaker and a dad who is filling in as a janitor. The principle story will be in an emergency clinic setting with the medical attendant and the janitor working there. The yaya then again, will likewise be at the medical clinic taking care of a little youngster who is restricted in a similar emergency clinic. The principal refrain of the music video will begin with the location of the three fundamental characters (who just showed up) at the air terminal attempting to search for their families in the group. The main abstain and melody will show streak backs of the characters at work back in the medical clinic. In the ensemble, the yaya takes a gander at the divider clock as the medical caretaker goes into the room of the youngster and takes a gander at her wrist watch and afterward keeps an eye on the kid. Outside the entryway, the janitor quits cleaning for some time as the medical attendant comes out of the room. Them three start to think back about their family back home. In the subsequent refrain, the three characters contact their families back home. The following scenes will show every one of the families getting their settlements in the wake of conversing with their cherished one functioning as an OFW. In the subsequent abstain and theme, the groups of the OFWs will be appeared. Every one of them has their own sentiment of melancholy. The child of the yaya starts to get some information about his mom, the guardians of the attendant persistently sit tight for the call of their little girl and the janitors family is crossing out each date that passes. In the extension, every one of the characters hardships, (for example, working long moves and being forlorn) working abroad will be appeared. As the principal refrain rehashes, the scene in the air terminal will be demonstrated again for the continuation of the story. Each character will see their families moving toward them and embrace them firmly.

Gambling and Taking Risks in One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest

Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest operates as an entertaining and interesting novel on a pure surface level. There’s a good story, well-developed characters and fresh language. It has all the workings of a good novel, but One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest isn’t just a good novel. It’s a great one, because Kesey uses Chief Bromden’s perspective to let imagery flow out of the novel and have it all come back to one theme: individuality and its repression by society. This idea is highlighted by the image of gambling vs. playing it safe, whether in literal card games or as a way of living. The mental ward’s new patient, Randle Patrick McMurphy, is a self-described â€Å"gambling fool† (12)1, while his opposer, â€Å"Big Nurse† Ratched,†¦show more content†¦As the seeds of McMurphy’s influence are being planted, the men on the ward still won’t take any gambles or let loose and have fun (with the exception of McMurphy’s casino), choosing to stay with the mechanical and manufactured routine. As the Acutes begin to gamble more on the ward, the doctor proposes using the old tub room as â€Å"...a sort of second day room, a game room† (111), which is a gamble in itself for the doctor, because he knows the nurse will shoot it down. With the help of some forward thinking from the doctor the idea is approved, and the patients begin gambling on more games, even betting on Monopoly at one point and the World Series. To watch the games, McMurphy proposes at a group meeting that the television time on the ward be changed and it’s put to a vote that the other men are too cagey to actually participate in for cynicism that the Nurse will cheat and get her way. Pissed off at the Acutes, McMurphy bets that he can lift a large control panel in the tub room. They all bet more than they usually do, because they know that McMurphy can’t possibly lift t he control panel, and when McMurphy inevitably fails, he give all the Acutes the accumulated IOUs back and says, â€Å"But I tried, though...Goddammit, I sure as hell did that much, didn’t I?† (125). McMurphy establishes the mainShow MoreRelatedOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2680 Words   |  11 Pages One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Marissa Sobetski University of Michigan-Dearborn Abstract It is fairly often in pop culture that some form of entertainment focuses on some presentation of psychopathology; whether it is a novel, short story, pop-psychology book, or other media, such as film. The public seems to be fascinated by the â€Å"crazies† and their treatment. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, is one such film, this 1975 classic focuses on a character named Randle P. McMurphyRead MoreKen Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2448 Words   |  10 PagesSearching for an archetype, or an example, when trying something for either the first time or something that is daunting is a common train of thought for a person. This same idea can apply to Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, in which the protagonist essentially becomes an embodiment of a hero. This piece of literature takes place in the 1960’s, and is presented through the vision of Chief Bromden, a patient that is stuck within an figment of imagination where those who fa ll to the mechanicalRead MoreAddiction Psychology4561 Words   |  19 Pages ADDICTION REVISION Biological Models of Addiction MODEL ONE: GENETICS McGue (1999) found that genes contribute to the development of alcohol dependence, with heritability estimates from 50-60% for both men and women. Noble et al (1991) found that the A1 variant of the DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor) was present in more than 2/3 of deceased alcoholics. Those with the A1 variant appear to have fewer dopamine receptors; they then turn to drugs and alcohol to increase their dopamine levels – compensating

The Ethics of Cognitive Enhancement free essay sample

Achievement is valued highly in our society. Coaches want their players to give 110 percent, professors encourage their students to study harder, and parents want to see their children become the best person they can be. Not only do we want to keep up with the Joneses, we want to surpass them. In the pursuit of excellence, some people will take drugs as an enhancement for their cognitive abilities. What makes this path to excellence ethically questionable? There are two large issues to using cognitive enhancements: fairness and the pressure to use them. While there may be nothing intrinsically wrong with using cognitive enhancers, the use of these drugs will likely have major side-effects on society which need to be taken into consideration. Cognitive enhancements have been proven to increase mental capacity in healthy people. This gives them an advantage over their peers who are not using these drugs. This will apply pressure on normal people to use enhancements in order to gain this advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ethics of Cognitive Enhancement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If nobody in a workplace is using enhancements, the temptation to start using them will exist to gain an edge. If everyone in a workplace is using enhancements, then those coming into that workplace would also need to use them in order to be competitive. If cognitive enhancements were made legal for all people, the use would become very widespread and some companies may even make it mandatory to increase productivity. There would probably not be an issue with most people using cognitive enhancements if they came with no side effects and it was the cultural norm. One of the concerns that come up with using these drugs is the availability factor. Unless cognitive enhancements are available to everyone, they should not be legalized. If enhancements are expensive, this will give the wealthy population another advantage over the poor. Wealthy students already have an advantage in being able to afford tutors, attend private schools, go to college, etc. Leon Kass speaks of this unfair advantage in his article and says that it is especially unfair by participants in competitive activities such as school and work. The division between the wealthy and the poor communities would become even larger with cognitive enhancements. Anyone that did not use them may be seen as a lower class in the social order. Students seem to be getting lazier as the years go on which presents a huge problem for society. I understand that technology has made things easier for people to do things, which some people argue is the reason why people are considered â€Å"lazier†. For example, if you want to know how fast a cheetah could run, you can find it instantly by going to Google and typing it in. Twenty years ago, you would have to go to the library, find a book or encyclopedia, and look it up to find this information. Yet, I do not think that technology is the problem here. There is much more to education than just learning facts. Students who are more than capable of learning without medication are too lazy to put in the time and effort, which is a huge concern. If they could take a pill and learn with less effort, this would further increase laziness in our society. If cognitive enhancement drugs became widespread, students would no longer see the value that they obtain from education and working hard for something. Healthy people who are using cognitive enhancements for improved performance are seeking an unfair advantage over those students who are honest. An honest student who works hard and does what is viewed as â€Å"the right way to do things† would not be rewarded for his effort. If stimulants were provided to those without disorders, the standard for what is considered â€Å"normal† performance would rise. This, which Carl Elliot calls the problem of â€Å"relative ends†, would lead to many hard-working, honest people not being considered normal anymore. Performance enhancers, such as steroids or human growth hormone, make sports less entertaining for everyone. An athlete that uses enhancers that are illegal for normal people gains an unfair advantage over the other athletes who do not use enhancers. The respect is lost for the athlete who cheats by using enhancers. Was it Barry Bonds who hit 762 homeruns over his career or was it the steroids? Should we admire someone who finds a way to increase performance in a way that is condemned by most people? I know I wouldnt be as proud of an achievement if it was drug enhanced. I would see myself as a cheater and wonder if my success was because of the drug and not me. It seems as if an athlete on performance enhancing drugs goes from being well-liked and a role model to being despised by most once they are caught using the drug. If they are never caught or nobody knows about their use of enhancers, all is well for the athlete, the sport, and the fans. Other athletes do not want to see their competitors using this unfair advantage because it makes them look inferior comparatively. Sports fans also do not want to see someone succeed that cheats by using enhancers. They want to see someone who works hard and earns what they are trying to accomplish. Enhancement drugs in sports should be discouraged by everyone. However, I see enhancements in sports as less of a problem to society than enhancements for the brain. This is because there is less of an impact on society for the use of enhancement drugs in sports than there would be with mind enhancing drugs. Enhancing drugs would not only change society, but it would change how we think, who we are and who we become as an individual. Would we really be happy if our success depended on taking drugs? Will we even know who we are? Our strengths and weaknesses help make us become the person we are. Artificially enhancing the way a person thinks and learns will change who they are. With the drug, they may not have learned to study correctly, to work hard, to focus, or to persevere through tough times. By popping a pill they are not given the opportunity to become a better person and learn these virtues. It is one thing to try hard and do your best, but it is quite another to have to use a drug to be your best. The drug enhanced you is different from the real you. Imagine if everyone did this. One area where I think cognitive enhancements should be encouraged is in the military, especially during critical situations like war. Alertness is necessary at all times during war and these drugs can help achieve this. This is a situation where human’s lives are on the line and troops rely on one another to stay alive. They often times have no control over their environment and work with little sleep and a high degree of stress. It’s not necessarily about improving a soldier’s performance, but maintaining a level that the individual would not be able to maintain if it were not for the drug. Normal people that are not in the military and use cognitive enhancements do not need cognitive enhancements to stay alive, whereas those in the military sometimes do. In conclusion, the use of cognitive enhancements is wrong because it provides the people that are using the drugs with an unfair advantage, widens the gap between the wealthy and the poor, and fails to recognize the importance of effort in society. It is selfish for normal people to use a drug that was made to aid individuals who have a disability and use it to enhance themselves. Competition is a huge part of society and encouraging the use of cognitive enhancements would lead to chaos and the loss of human dignity.

Walters, Luther Essays - Cultural Anthropology, Oral Tradition

Walters, Luther ENG 161-68 Thurs. February 02, 1999 You Can Lead A Horse To Water, But You Can't Make Him Drink. You can lead a horse to water but you can't make him drink is a proverb that relates to my educational experiences and the introduction of my sons academics. Acquainting a youngster to new things isn't easy. Instinctively, a child learns quickly from what it views of the world. This cautions me to be aware of how I display myself in front of my sons. Showing them how to drink water from a cup ensures that they will someday drink on their own. Therefore, demonstrating how to learn, study, and absorb things will help them to make confident decisions in the future. Comparatively, placing a book before a child without teaching it to read is the same as trying to force a horse to drink. It won't work! But, by guiding the horse (child) and unveiling the inherent value of the water (book), a curiosity stirs and the stubbornness surrenders. There's a patient teacher in all of us. Spend time with a child and help it to discover the Stallion within itself. Of coarse you can lead a child to school, that's easy. But can you, as an adult, guide him or her in a way that blossoms their creativeness?

Major General John Newton in the Civil War

Major General John Newton in the Civil War Early Life Career Born at Norfolk, VA on August 25, 1822, John Newton was the son of Congressman Thomas Newton, Jr., who represented the city for thirty-one years, and his second wife Margaret Jordan Pool Newton.   After attending schools in Norfolk and receiving additional instruction in mathematics from a tutor, Newton elected to pursue a military career and obtained an appointment to West Point in 1838. Arriving at the academy, his classmates included William Rosecrans, James Longstreet, John Pope, Abner Doubleday, and D.H. Hill.   Graduating second in the Class of 1842, Newton accepted a commission in the US Army Corps of Engineers. Remaining at West Point, he taught engineering for three years with a focus on military architecture and fortification design. In 1846, Newton was assigned to construct fortifications along the Atlantic coast and Great Lakes. This saw him make various stops in Boston (Fort Warren), New London (Fort Trumbull), Michigan (Fort Wayne), as well as several locations in western New York (Forts Porter, Niagara, and Ontario).  Newton remained in this role despite the start of the Mexican-American War that year.   Antebellum Years Continuing to oversee these types of projects, Newton married Anna Morgan Starr of New London on October 24, 1848. The coupled would ultimately have 11 children. Four years later, he received a promotion to first lieutenant. Named to a board tasked with assessing the defenses on the Gulf Coast in 1856, he was promoted to captain on July 1 of that year. Heading south, Newton conducted surveys for harbor improvements in Florida and made recommendations for improving the lighthouses near Pensacola. He also served as superintending engineer for Forts Pulaski (GA) and Jackson (LA).    In 1858, Newton was made the chief engineer of the Utah Expedition. This saw him travel west with Colonel Albert S. Johnstons command as it sought to deal with rebellious Mormon settlers. Returning east, Newton received orders to serve as superintending engineer at Forts Delaware and Mifflin on the Delaware River. He also was tasked with improving the fortifications at Sandy Hook, NJ. As sectional tensions rose following the election of President Abraham Lincoln in 1860, he, like fellow Virginians George H. Thomas and  Philip St. George Cooke, decided to remain loyal to the Union.    The Civil War Begins Made Chief Engineer of the Department of Pennsylvania, Newton first saw combat during the Union victory at Hokes Run (VA) on July 2, 1861. After briefly serving as  Chief Engineer of the Department of the Shenandoah, he arrived in Washington, DC in August and aided in constructing defenses around the city and across the Potomac in Alexandria. Promoted to brigadier general on September 23, Newton moved to the infantry and assumed command of a brigade in the growing Army of the Potomac.   The following spring, after service in Major General Irvin McDowells I Corps, his men were ordered to join the newly-formed VI Corps in May. Moving south, Newton took part in Major General George B. McClellans ongoing Peninsula Campaign. Serving in Brigadier General Henry Slocums division, the brigade saw increased action in late June as General Robert E. Lee opened the Seven Days Battles. During the course of the fighting, Newton performed well at the Battles of Gaines Mill and Glendale.   With the failure of Union efforts on the Peninsula, VI Corps returned north to Washington before taking part in the Maryland Campaign that September. Going into action on September 14 at the Battle of South Mountain, Newton distinguished himself by personally leading a bayonet attack against a Confederate position at Cramptons Gap. Three days later, he returned to combat at the Battle of Antietam. For his performance in the fighting, he received a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel in the regular army. Later that fall, Newton was elevated to lead VI Corps Third Division.   Courting Controversy Newton was in this role when the army, with Major General Ambrose Burnside at the head, opened the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13.   Positioned towards the southern end of the Union line, VI Corps was largely idle during the fighting. One of several generals who was unhappy with Burnsides leadership, Newton traveled to Washington with one of his brigade commanders, Brigadier General John Cochrane, to voice his concerns to Lincoln. While not calling for his commanders removal, Newton commented that there was a want of confidence in General Burnsides military capacity and that the troops of my division and of the whole army had become entirely dispirited. His actions helped lead to Burnsides dismissal in January 1863 and Major General Joseph Hookers installation as commander of the Army of the Potomac. Promoted to major general on March 30, Newton led his division during the Chancellorsville Campaign that May.         Remaining at Fredericksburg while Hooker and the rest of the army moved west, Major General John Sedgwicks VI Corps attacked on May 3 with Newtons men seeing extensive action. Wounded in the fighting near Salem Church, he quickly recovered and remained with his division as the Gettysburg Campaign commenced that June. Reaching the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2, Newton was ordered to assume command of I Corps whose commander, Major General John F. Reynolds, had been killed the previous day. Relieving Major General Abner Doubleday, Newton directed I Corps during the Union defense of Picketts Charge on July 3.   Retaining command of I Corps through the fall, he led it during the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns.  The spring of 1864 proved difficult for Newton as a reorganization of the Army of the Potomac led to I Corps being dissolved. Additionally, due to his role in Burnsides removal, Congress refused to confirm his promotion to major general. As a result, Newton reverted to brigadier general on April 18.         Ã‚  Ã‚   Ordered West Sent west, Newton assumed command of a division in IV Corps.   Serving in Thomas Army of the Cumberland, he took part in Major General William T. Shermans advance on Atlanta. Seeing combat throughout the campaign at places such as Resaca and Kennesaw Mountain, Newtons division distinguished itself at Peachtree Creek on July 20 when it blocked multiple Confederate assaults.   Recognized for his role in the fighting, Newton continued to perform well through the fall of Atlanta in early September. With the end of the campaign, Newton received command of the District of Key  West and Tortugas.   Establishing himself in this post, he was checked by Confederate forces at Natural Bridge in March 1865. Remaining in command for the rest of the war, Newton then held a series of administrative posts in Florida into 1866. Leaving the volunteer service in January 1866, he accepted a commission as a lieutenant colonel in the Corps of Engineers. Later Life Coming north in the spring of 1866, Newton spent the better part of the next two decades engaged in a variety of engineering and fortification projects in New York. On March 6, 1884, he was promoted to brigadier general and made Chief of Engineers, succeeding Brigadier General Horatio Wright.   In this post two years, he retired from the US Army on August 27, 1886. Remaining in New York, he served as Commissioner of Public Works of New  York City until 1888 before becoming President of the Panama Railroad Company.   Newton died in New York City on May 1, 1895 and was buried at West Point National Cemetery.